Electricity generation and the present challenges in the. Result of surveys about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc. How to ace the 25 most common project defense questions. Environmental impact of oil spillage and degradation in the niger delta region of nigeria ikemikedolfinaolaitari bsc, m. But although the results are lethal, the problem is not taken seriously here. At this time, matters relating to the environment were dealt with in a rudimentary manner, from the view point of environmental sanitation otu, 2010. Sources of air pollution in lagos, nigeria research cyber. Public perception of environmental pollution in warri, nigeria. Lagos being the commercial and industrial nervecentre of nigeria, with a population in excess of 20 million, a vehicular traffic unmatched on the african continent, it is common knowledge that. This study on environmental pollution in nigeria will cover all cases of environmental pollution ranging from air and water pollution due to oil exploration and refining, effluent waste from industries, dump sites all over nigeria market and streets and even noise pollution. No industry or facility shall release hazardous or toxic substances into the air, water or land of nigerias ecosystems beyond limits approved by the agency.
For example section 36 and 37 of fepa supra the meager penalties provided for under this section are not adequate enough to serve as a deviants to such rich oil companies as shell, chevron. Air pollution has increased significantly in the last 25 years, and thats having health consequences especially in low and middleincome countries, according to a new global burden of disease gbd study published in the lancet medical journal researchers found that air pollution specifically, the small particles measured as less than pm2. Estimation of perceptions about pollution in abuja. The significance of air pollution as one of the contemporary issues and accelerating factors that propel climate change cannot be overemphasized. The study tagged ambient outdoor air pollution database 2016 revealed the 12 prominent cities with heavily polluted air in nigeria. Assessing gaseous pollutants and air quality in some areas of kano metropolis, kano, nigeria m.
Uncontrolled discharge of untreated wastewater and sewage into the lagoon has degraded the quality of. It is the largest wetland in africa and the third largest in the world consisting of flat low lying swampy terrain that is crisscrossed by meandering and anastomosing streams, rivers and creeks. Smoke particles are emitted into the air during the process of burning of fuels such as coal and oil in homes and. Land pollution is a result of dumping garbage, waste, and other toxins making the land. Particulate matter pm pollution is the most healthrelevant indicator of urban air quality cohen et al. This study characterized noise pollution levels in ibadan and ileife, two urban areas of southwestern nigeria that have experienced significant increases in. Over the years, the country has battled with several environmental issues which have affected the health of its populace. The air people breathe in nigeria is more likely to cause harm than the air in any other country in africa because nigeria currently has the highest burden of fatalities from air pollution in. The effects of environmental air pollution in nigeria. Feb, 2017 the nigerian city has recorded the worlds worst levels of pm10 air pollution. The level of threat plastic waste poses to man and nature is phenomenal.
Air pollution is hardly listed among causes of death on death certificates in nigeria, yet the health conditions linked to air pollution exposure, such as lung cancer and emphysema, are often fatal. Environmental pollution and sustainable development in nigeria. Four nigerian cities have worst air quality in the world, who. In environmental pollution in nigeria 9 urban areas, transportation is easily the biggest source of pollution followed by pollution from fuel combustion in stationary sources. Effects and solutions of marine pollution from ships in. Framing air pollution as a major health risk in lagos, nigeria. This report highlights water pollution problems in nigeria as a part of th e prevalent unsustainable development in orde r to stand on the size and the roots of the problem, and identify the. Port harcourt residents in nigerias rivers state started to complain of soot in the air and in their homes in november. Nigerians demand air quality data over pollution fears. Reductions in air pollution yielded fast and dramatic impacts on healthoutcomes, as well as decreases in allcause morbidity, according to findings in health benefits of air pollution reduction, new research published in the american thoracic societys journal, annals of the american thoracic society. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. Most of the nigerian oil is extracted on the shelf of the gulf of guinea. Lagos air quality index aqi and nigeria air pollution. Only 2% of the rural households in nigeria have access to electricity either by rural electrification actions initiated by the.
The study spans from september 1, 2010 may 31 2011. Advances in the development of petroleum resources has contributed enormously to the global energy demand and economic development over the past decades, however, it has left profound negative impacts on the natural environment and adverse human health effects in most oilproducing host communities around the world. Environmental pollution and its consequences on the nigerian society are of great concern and cannot be overlooked. Request pdf the transport sector as a source of air pollution transport first. Impact of landuse and landcover change on urban air quality in.
Abstract the effects of marine pollution are enormous, ranging from impairment of surface water quality, disruption of aquatic growth, and reduction of amenities, affecting the health of man, etc. The first discussions about air pollution becoming a global issue began in the 1960s and continues in 2018. Apr 23, 2018 in 2012, the who said there were 46,750 deaths in nigeria from air pollution but in nigeria, the public is largely in the dark, with data lacking and only a handful of scientific studies exploring. Apart from the loss of petroleumderived revenue to corruption and ineffective. Such an enquiry will include systematic collation, evaluation and development of an empirical evidence base for ambient air pollution. Last year, the world bank reported that 94% of the population in nigeria is exposed to air pollution levels that exceed who guidelines compared to 72% on average in. According to a 2016 world health organisation report, onitsha, kaduna, aba and umuahia were among four of the 20 african cities with the worst air. Only 2% of the rural households in nigeria have access to electricity either by rural electrification actions initiated by the government or selfgeneration by private individuals air pollution from indoor sources is the single largest contributor to the negative health effects of air pollution in nigeria. Waste generation as well as an increase in pollution resulting from the expansion of industry and growth of large urban areas such as lagos. Estimation of perceptions about pollution in lagos. Assessing gaseous pollutants and air quality in some areas of.
With examples from across the world, this paper outlines the extent to which global regulation and pollution control of the oil industry has evolved over time, largely propelled by serious accidents. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. In rural areas on the other hand, the chief causes of air pollution are from firewood, stoves and bush burning especially at the beginning of every planting season. Deployment of air quality monitoring stations will be necessary across major. Raising issues with nigerias air quality and standards. Educational and research institute university decl. The various policies and strategies of environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and gas industry. Trend analysis of air pollution and health performance in nigeria the figure 3 describes the relationship that exists between health status in nigeria and air pollution. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. The former series known as technical papers and webdocs merged in november 2003.
Data for nigeria included in the newly released little green data book 2015 indicates that 94% of the population is exposed to air pollution levels measured in pm2. The role of nesrea act 2007 in ensuring environmental. It is against this backdrop that the study seeks to investigate press coverage of environmental pollution in the niger delta region of nigeria using content analytical research method. Read the air pollution in lagos, nigeria with airvisual. An assessment of indoor air quality in selected households in. Nigeria exports crude oil, and imports refined petroleum products. Introduction towards sustainable waste management in my local. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and gas. Aug 02, 2016 this study on environmental pollution in nigeria will cover all cases of environmental pollution ranging from air and water pollution due to oil exploration and refining, effluent waste from industries, dump sites all over nigeria market and streets and even noise pollution. Poor or deteriorating air quality in many cities results from high levels of energy consumption by industry, transport and domestic use unepwho, 1992. How to combine files into a pdf adobe acrobat dczelfstudies. Oil production is the main source of revenue in nigeria.
Air pollution from natural gas flaring, exhaust emissions from the explosion in car ownership, and electricity generators continue to leave the major cities of nigeria shrouded in smog. Causes and effects of air pollution in nigeria legit. Effects and solutions o f marine pollution from ships in nigerian waterways umo iduk, nitonye samson. The devastating effects of air pollution are more pronounced in large cities of developing countries than in developed ones. May 18, 2016 a new report published by the world health organization who states that four of the 20 cities with the worst air quality recorded in the world are in nigeria. Air quality studies in nigeria and particularly the niger delta area is still in its infant stage and encumbered with several challenges. Exposure to urban air pollution can lead to or exacerbate these conditions pope and dockery 2006. There are a number of agricultural, oil, iron and steel based industries, markets etc discharging wastes, which include heavy metals, into the surface waters.
In 2012, the who said there were 46,750 deaths in nigeria from air pollution, which has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancer. An early attempt in indoor air pollution studies in nigeria, paid attention on the physical aspects of slums 29. The nigerian power sector is controlled by stateowned power holding company of nigeria. Hence, the need to appraise the current levels of pollution, and environmental protection legislations in nigeria with a view to enacting a new legislation. Air quality in lagos the guardian nigeria news nigeria.
Pdf a comparative land usebased analysis of noise pollution. Pollution can be grouped into air, water and land or soil. However, the vast majority of oil pollution is caused by oil thieves and illegal refiners. The use of unclean indoor cooking fuel was high among the residents of isiohor community in edo state, nigeria. Abuja, nigeria residents in the nigerian city of port harcourt are calling for more longterm solutions after the state government declared an air pollution emergency over the regions sootfilled atmosphere. In a country like nigeria where unemployment is very high, afeez hanafi examines how the. Nigeria air quality policies united nations environment.
The significance of air pollution as one of the contemporary issues and accelerating factors that propel climate change in both developed and developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Shell acquitted of nigeria pollution charges environment. Port harcourt residents in nigeria s rivers state started to complain of soot in the air. Environmental pollution and control 331 smoke contains unburnt carbon particles having diameter less than 100nm this particles remain suspended in air. This work is aimed at looking critically on environmental pollution, causes, effects and sustainable development in nigeria. Environmental regulation and pollution control in relation to. Air pollution and the impact on public health in africa.
Nigeria is located on the west coast of africa between the bight of benin to the. The coastal areas consist of freshwater swamp, mangrove swamp, beach ridges, sand bars. Download the full report environmental regulation and pollution control in relation to reform in nigeria. Consequently, the provisions of the local laws for the control of environmental pollution and hazards in nigeria are two shallow and poorly implemented. The main causes of environmental pollution in nigeria lie in the activities of companies dealing with oil extraction, transporting, import, and export. Water pollution in lagos friends of the environment nigeria. A summary of the major factors preventing better air quality in nigeria.
The 12 cities in nigeria with the most polluted air pulse. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Pdf air pollution and climate change in lagos, nigeria. Nigeria battles hazardous air pollution international world. Yunusa federal college of education tech, bichi, nigeria abstract this study assesses the air quality of some areas in kano metropolis. First, air pollution is of significant and increasing concern for the continent. This paper provides empirical evidence on the levels of indoor air quality insome households in squatter settlements within warri metropolis. In this post, we consider the sources of air pollution in lagos, nigeria. The study by the environmental committee of the forum of international respiratory. Also, there was poor knowledge of the health effects of prolonged exposure to smoke from unclean cooking fuel among the respondents and this has serious implications for indoor air pollution.
Lagos, nigeria, public health, air pollution, trafficrelated emissions. Last year, the world bank reported that 94 per cent of the population in nigeria is exposed to air pollution levels that exceed who guidelines compared to 72 per cent on average in subsaharan. Automated air pollution control in nigeria using nature. The nigerian city has recorded the worlds worst levels of pm10 air pollution. Air pollution in nigeria air pollution kills thousands of people in nigeria every year, with urban dwellers worst affected, the who data shows. Nigeria has a coastal line of approximately 85km towards the atlantic ocean lying between latitude 4 0 15. Air pollution in nigeria kano, the capital of kano state, one of nigeria s northern states, is the most polluted city in africa, according to data released by iqair airvisual and greenpeace. Dec 11, 2016 last year, the world bank reported that 94 per cent of the population in nigeria is exposed to air pollution levels that exceed who guidelines compared to 72 per cent on average in subsaharan. Jan 30, 20 oil pollution is a problem in nigeria, affecting the daily lives of people in the niger delta.
Environmental regulation and pollution control in relation. Nigeria, air quality management, air pollution, air quality standards and objectives, environmental legislation, environmental policy, nesrea, trafficrelated emissions. Air pollution in nigeria and many other countries in africa and all over the world is a big problem of the 21st century. Air pollution causes discomfort or harm to people and other living organisms. However, a merger of the two 2 was made in 1972 to form the national electric power authority nepa, which as a result of unbundling and the power reform process, was renamed power holding company of nigeria phcn in 2005. Result of survey about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc.
Water pollution in lagos lagos lagoon along the ebutemetta and etiosa axis is currently facing a number of serious environmental and ecological challenges. Noise pollution causes, mitigation and control measures for attenuation a thesis submitted by dasarathy a k in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of doctor of philosophy department of civil engineering faculty of engineering and technology dr. Environmental health effect and air pollution from cigarette smokers in cross river state, nigeria. Estimation of pollution in nigeria, using perception. According to taiwo 2005 air pollution studies in nigeria are few and independently carried out. Land pollution high impact list of articles ppts journals. Niger delta of nigeria that is significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities, resulting in pollution and deterioration of the surface water. Land pollution list of high impact articles ppts journals videos.
Examining air pollution and control measures in urban centers. Choose from a variety of file types multiple pdf files, microsoft word documents, microsoft excel spreadsheets, microsoft powerpoint. Raising issues with nigerias air quality and standards the. The transport sector as a source of air pollution request pdf. Soda pdf is the solution for users looking to merge multiple files into a single pdf document. An overview of pollution in nigeria and the impact of. Remarkable health benefits shown following air pollution. Nigeria battles hazardous air pollution international. Several studies have shown the links between greenhouse gases, air pollution, ozone layer depletion and chronic health challenges. In this post, we have highlighted a couple of these challenges. The environment provides man with the and food for his survival on earth, many activities of man have changed the natural constituents of the environment which portend danger to man and his environment pollution is the introduction of any substance at the rate faster. Household cooking fuel use among residents of a suburban. Pdf towards a new framework for air quality management.
It is based on the above fact that this paper examines air pollution and control measures in urban centres of nigeria. Economic growth, air pollution and health outcomes in. This document offers policy recommendation for the petroleum industry bill pib in nigeria. It has been noted that over 9 million people live in lagos state, which is the most densely populated state in nigeria due to its commercial activities. With examples from across the world, this paper outlines the extent to which global regulation and pollution control of the oil. Air pollution in nigeria ambassador report our actions.
Whereas water pollution is caused by the dumping, introduction, etc. The paper posits that man utilizes air for survival, harnesses land and water resources for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural and other purposes. The greatest health impacts from air pollution worldwide occur among the poorest and most vulnerable populations. Environmental health effect and air pollution from cigarette. Air pollution are caused by the emission into the atmosphere particulate matter such as smoke, dust, soot, greenhouse gases, noise, etc.
Air pollution is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Health performance was measured with leab, while air pollution was captured by co 2 emissions co 2ekt over a 35year period. There are various sources of air pollution in the urban centers of nigeria. Indoor air pollution causes an estimated 95,500 premature deaths every year other only about 55% have access to electricity. The amount of exposure in terms of the number of people, exposure. Assessing gaseous pollutants and air quality in some areas. Towards a new framework for air quality management in nigeria. The same author also indicated that government is not involved in systematic and consistent air quality. May 31, 2016 last year, the world bank reported that 94% of the population in nigeria is exposed to air pollution levels that exceed who guidelines compared to 72% on average in subsaharan africa in general. It was conducted for a period of two months in 20 through direct field measurement.
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